租赁在许多的IT组织中都比较常见，但它需要仔细的计划、评估和管理。在你考虑采用租赁时，有10件事情需要谨记：

#1: Get finance involved

1.     让财务加入进来

It may seem out of place, but having finance involved with the business side of leasing is a good idea for the following reasons:

这看起来似乎有些不合适，但是出于以下原因，让财务加入进来会是一个好主意：

·         Payment management. Depending on your leasing arrangement, you can have your lease payment managed so that IT doesn't have to manage the periodic payments directly. Also, if there's IT staff turnover, this would be managed directly with finance to reduce risk of a penalty from no payment.

      支付管理。基于你的租赁安排，你可以让你的租赁付款得到必要的控制，这样，IT就可以不必去直接管理那些周期性的付款了。而且，由于是财务直接管理付款的，这可以减少由于IT人员离职而导致的付款延迟滞纳金风险。

·         Business terms and conditions (T&Cs) sanctioned. T&Cs are a nightmare to manage, much less control. By having your finance group involved, there is certain legitimacy to the lease program you have selected--or there may be a formal approval process.

      商业条款审批。这些是非常头疼的工作。通过财务的参与，你所选择的租赁将会符合程序，并且，还可能会有一个正式的审批流程。

·         Direct asset management. This is more important for outright purchases, but if your organization tracks assets, the leased systems may need to be accounted for in some fashion. Having your finance or accounting group directly involved with the process can streamline this process and allow the information to be obtained directly.

      直接的资产管理。对于完全采购而言此点尤为重要，但如果你的组织要跟踪这些资产，租赁系统或许还需要以某些方式进行会计记录。让财务加入直接介入可以使得流程更为顺畅并能够直接获取到这些信息。

#2: Consider using traditional financing for the SOHO

考虑采用针对小微型机构的传统融资工具

Many small offices have small technology staffs and even smaller budgets. Depending on the circumstances, leasing may be too complex for the small office, and there may not be a hard rule of "3 years and out" for office technology purchases.

许多小型机构仅有很少的技术人员及更少的预算。在此环境下，租赁或许有些过于复杂了，而且他们对于办公室技术方面的采购似乎也没有一个严格的诸如“3年及以上”的规定。

When traditional financing is used, it can be done on a per-system and per-need basis. The payments are usually manageable when only a few financing accounts are active at any given time. These traditional financing vehicles can be any of the following:

当使用了传统的融资工具，租赁能够按系统和按需要而为。在任一特定时间仅有一部分融资账户是活跃的，从而使得付款通常下也是可控的。这些传统的融资工具可以是以下任一形式：

·         OEM financing. Take Dell, for example. You can purchase select new systems and finance directly through Dell for a monthly price.

       OEM 融资。以DELL为例，你可以选择新的系统进行采购并且以按月支付的价格形式直接获得DELL的融资支持。

·         Retailer financing. Many retailers have financing options that allow you to directly finance the purchase price. This may be a good option if you're purchasing more than just a computer (special printer, furniture, etc.).

      零售商融资。许多零售商都有融资方案选择，这些方案能够让你就采购价格进行直接融资。这或许也是一个好的选择，如果你采购的不仅仅是一台电脑（特殊的打印机、家具，等等）。

·         Company credit card. Many business credit programs exist (OPEN from American Express, Discover Business), as well as many bank-dependent programs with VISA and MasterCard brands.

      公司信用卡。社会上存在着许多商业信用计划以及银行提供的信用支持。

Best practices

最佳实践

When using traditional financing for computer purchases, consider having the periodic payment come out of a departmental budget for the individual technology need(s). For smaller organizations, it is very difficult to justify an IT budget, much less have the budget be consistent and predictable. A popular option for very small organizations is for employees to finance these types of systems on their own and reimburse the costs directly. This is a hassle and poses risks to the individuals, but in some situations is the best solution.

在使用传统融资工具进行电脑租赁时，要考虑将这种周期性的付款从以个人技术需求为主的部门预算中分离出来。对于那些更小的机构，确认一项IT预算是非常困难的，更不用说保持预算的一致性和可预测性了。在非常小的机构中，一个常见的做法是让员工以个人名义进行此项融资，公司再以费用报销的方式进行返还。这种做法对个人来说是有争议的和风险的，但在一些情况下却是最好的解决方案。

Check first! Some models are not available for lease program options. For example, Dell products targeted for the home user are eligible for the Dell Preferred account, and products targeted for business users are eligible for the Dell QuickLease program. Be sure to check the options for your model(s) before advancing.

首要检查。不同租赁模式下有着不同的产品型号选择。例如，针对家庭用户的DELL产品对于DELL优先账户是适合的，而针对商业用户的DELL产品则适用于DELL快租模式。请确保在开始时你已检查了你的型号选择是否适当。

#3: Have a firm end-of-life policy for leased equipment

对于租赁设备要有稳定的寿命期政策

The buyouts are usually not effective in giving you the best overall value for the technology solution, and you shouldn't plan on month-to-month options when leasing systems. Have a strong policy that allows you to pull the equipment back to IT for a data offload process and a migration (if necessary) to prepare for the return.

对于技术解决方案，买断在通常情况下并不能使你获得最大价值，你也不应该在租用设备时逐月进行方案选择。一个强硬的政策能够允许你将这些设备撤回到IT部门以完成数据的卸载和归还准备。

Be sure to not miss any of the common issues with the end of a lease:

请确保在租赁期终时没有遗漏任何常务事项：

·         Have a means of returning the equipment. Original boxes may not be required, but a way to return the equipment is necessary in a lease return.

      有退回设备的方法。原包装箱或许不太会要求，但在租赁退回时它却又是必要的。

·         Don't lose the little things. Notebook power supplies, supplemental batteries, cables, external drives, or any other accessory or peripheral that was part of the lease will cost you if not returned at the end of a lease.

      不要丢掉一些小东西。笔记本电脑电源适配器、附带的电池、线缆、外置驱动器、其他一些附件或周边设备，作为租赁的一部分，如果你不能在租期结束时归还则可能会导致你须为此承担相应的费用。

·         Have the systems physically clean. Don't have the systems returned with stickers or asset tags on the devices. There may be charges for systems with these types of markings.

      设备的物理清洁。不要将设备上的一些标贴或者是资产标签之类的东西随着设备一起归还掉。这些种类的标志或许会产生一些费用。

·         Migrate data OFF of systems. This probably goes without saying, but we'll discuss it in more detail later.

      转移数据。这或许无需多言，但我们还是会在之后进行更多的讨论。

#4: Supplement leased equipment with some outright ownership

追加租赁的具有完全所有权的设备。

Depending on the scope of your organization's technology needs, it may be a good strategy to have some leased and some purchased equipment to reach the best TCO. This may be a good strategy for a large migration project, with many temporary people needed as well as temporary servers; a new office or division that's operating on an experimental basis; or other foreseen temporary needs for computing resources. However, if you have a large number of leased systems, it may be a good idea to have a small number (maybe 5 to 10 percent) of outright ownership systems of the same make as your leased pool. This can give you the following benefits:

取决于你的组织的技术需求范围，拥有一些租赁的和一些采购的设备来取得最优TCO（整体拥有成本）或许是个好策略。对于一个需要众多的临时人员以及服务器的大型的迁移项目、一个带有实验性质的新的办公室或部门、或是其他一些预计到将会需要许多计算机资源的临时性需求来说，这或许也是良好的策略。然而，如果你已拥有大量的租赁设备，再有一小部分（或许是5-10%）的完全所有权的设备或许是个好主意。这样做可以给你带来如下益处：

·         Enables a stash. Although we shouldn't have stashes, we all do. Having a limited number of leased systems allows for a spare power supply if needed for a lease return that's minus a power supply.

存储功能。尽管不应该，但我们通常都会进行一些设备存储。持有限定数量的租赁设备允许闲置的电力供应，如果需要归还租赁设备时，它可以减少电力供应。

·         Makes testing easier. You can maintain a test configuration or image on a like system with an outright ownership system. This may be easier if lease charges are sent to the departments of the employees leasing, whereas a test system can be charged directly to IT in a different account.

易于测试。你能够在一个拥有完全所有权的相似系统中进行配置测试或镜像维护。鉴于一个测试系统能够在不同的账户中直接计入IT成本，租赁费用要计入具体使用人员所属部门时会容易一些。

·         Oddball groups. If you have some unique users or a field office (or a group that is going to be sold off), it may make sense for them not to be a part of your lease pool.

特殊群体。如果你们有一些特殊的用户或办公群体（或一个即将被出售的单位），它将可以使这些人或单位因没有被纳入租赁系统范围而得以清晰区分。

·         Easier management for telecommuters. It may be tough for remote users to send in their systems.

便捷的电信联络。对于远程用户而言，在他们的系统中传递信息是比较困难的。

#5: Leasing can ease disposal dilemma

租赁能够改善资产处置困境

Despite the importance of environmental responsibility, many organizations either have a large collection of effectively worthless systems or have relied on incorrect disposal mechanisms. By having equipment that will be returned to the lease company, a large burden is lifted from the company. The biggest downside is shipping cost and shipping material, but because the inherent nature of the lease is a return of the equipment, a future burden is removed.

不顾环境责任的重要性，许多组织不是持有大量已无使用价值的设备，就是通过不正确的机制进行设备处置。通过持有租赁设备，这一巨大的负担将得以消除。而因为租赁设备将归还这一固有的特性，未来的负担已转移，承租企业至多承担的将只是一些运输成本以及运输材料的费用。

Note

注意

Proper computer disposal or recycling is important to consider for the environment and for correct asset disposal if you are tracking the systems as assets. HP and Dell have good recycling programs for unwanted IT equipment. See the following sites for more information:

  完全的电脑处理或回收对环境保护以及资产跟踪都是很重要的。对于那些不再需要的IT设备，HP和DELL都有着良好的回收程序。

#6: Ensure NO data goes with a lease return system

确保没有数据被随同租赁设备一起归还。

Though systems should be re-imaged when sent to the lease company, it's still advisable that you restore an image of the OEM to the system and do some form of low-level data wipe on the drive. If a ready-to-go system is intercepted by the wrong individuals, you'll face many risks to your organization's intellectual property, network security, and other scenarios.

尽管系统会被重新复制在被归还时，但如果能存储系统镜像文件并对硬盘进行低层次格式化数据擦除仍是明智之举。如果一个即将归还的系统被某些别有用心的人截取，你将可能会面临企业知识产权、网络安全以及其他计划遭到窃取的风险。

#7: Be wary of leasing mission critical systems

警惕

A common belief is that certain systems, like an ERP server or a mail server, should not be leased. This may be because you may make frequent changes to the hardware environment, can't afford the downtime, or simply prefer to run the system longer than a lease time and rely on uplifted warranty service for the components.

通常认为那些特定的设备，如ERP服务器或邮件服务器等，不应租赁。这或许是因为你需要经常变更硬件环境、不能停机、或仅仅是期望比租赁期间更长些的运行时间以及对部件延保服务的依赖性。

However, certain server-class or other mission critical systems may be good lease candidates. Thorough planning is usually the best cure for this dilemma. Consider a blade server environment; you may be able to lease blades in a way that allows the business to continue without incident. But leasing a general purpose file and print server for your field office with no IT staff complicates your administrative overhead.

然而，一些特定的服务器级或其他重要任务系统又或许采用租赁形式为宜。完备的计划是摆脱困境的良方。考虑到刀片式服务器的应用环境，你或许可以租赁一些刀片式服务器从而使业务不会因为某种事故而停顿。但是租赁一个常用的文件或打印服务器用于没有IT人员的外地办公室则可能会使你的管理成本变得复杂。

#8: Identify the opt-out costs and procedures

确定退出成本以及相关程序

Be sure there is a clear process to end the lease(s) early. There are usually penalties to ending early, and if you're replacing the opt-out system with another leased system, your costs will increase. However, situations arise where a lease needs to be terminated early. Have a concise procedure that details the following information:

确保有一个提前终止租赁的清晰流程。通常情况下提前终止会带来一些罚金，并且，如果你是为了租赁另一设备而这样做，则你的成本通常会增加。然而，这一状况通常会出现在当一项租赁需要被提前终止时。这种情况下，我们需要具有一个包含以下一些细节的简明程序：

·         Financial implications. Be aware of any fees, penalties, or other charges associated with early termination.

财务相关：应意识到任何费用、罚金或其他和提前终止相关的费用。

·         Technology implications. Update any tracking system with the equipment information as being terminated early.

技术相关：更新任何跟踪系统的信息当租赁设备被提前终止时。

·         Payment coordination. Ensure that the early terminated lease does not continue to be paid outside of any early termination fees.

支付协调：确保这些因提前终止而发生的费用支付不会因支付问题而超过本身应支付的费用。

#9: Be familiar with lease T&Cs

熟知租赁条款

Terms and conditions (T&Cs) are never a pleasant experience to review, especially when issues or conflicts arise in your own policies. Many times, unimportant conflicting T&Cs are simply ignored for ease of advancement of business, but it's important to review them and apply them to your lease policy, technology policies, and end-of-life cycle policies.

合同条款的审阅是枯燥的，特别是当一些事项和你们自己的政策发生抵触时。许多时候，一些不重要的抵触性条款会被忽略以方便于业务发展，但审阅并应用这些条款到你的租赁政策、技术政策以及设备寿命周期循环政策中去仍是很重要的。

Best practice

最佳实践

Be sure to have your finance department (and possibly your legal department) review the T&Cs of any lease agreement for your technology needs.

确保每一个有关于技术需求方面租赁的合同条款均得到了你们财务部门（可能还有法务部门）的审阅。

#10: Is end of lease purchasing a good idea?

对租赁期满的设备进行购买是个好主意吗？

Simply put, not usually. The end price of purchasing a system after the lease plus the costs over the term of the lease usually exceeds the original purchase price. That by itself is not too surprising, but considering that technology prices go down over time, it makes the end cost even more expensive.

简而言之，但并不常见，对租赁期满后的设备进行购买的价格往往会超过原始购买价格。虽然这并不奇怪，但考虑到设备本身技术水准已不断降低，会使最终成本变得更为高昂。